I-Zearalenone (ZEN)yaziwa nangokuthi i-F-2 toxin. Ikhiqizwa isikhunta se-fusarium ehlukahlukene njenge-Graminearum, i-Culmorum ne-Crookwellense. Ubuthi besikhunta bukhishelwa endaweni ezungezile yomhlabathi. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-ZEN sanqunywa u-Urry ngo-1966 esebenzisa i-nuclear magnetic resonance, i-classical chemistry kanye ne-mass spectrometry, futhi yaqanjwa: 6-(10-hydroxy-6-oxo-trans-1-decene) -β -Ranoic acid-lactone . I-molecular mass ye-ZEN ingu-318, indawo yokuncibilika ingu-165°C, futhi inokuqina okuhle kokushisa. Ngeke ibole lapho ishisa ku-120 ° C amahora angu-4; I-ZEN inezici ze-fluorescence futhi ingatholwa ngomtshina we-fluorescence; I-ZEN ngeke ibonwe emanzini, i-S2C ne-CC14 Dissolve; Kulula ukuncibilika ezixazululweni ze-alkali ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide nezincibilikisi eziphilayo njenge-methanol. I-ZEN ingcolisa okusanhlamvu kanye nemikhiqizo yazo emhlabeni wonke kabanzi, okubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ezimbonini zokutshala nokuzalanisa, futhi kube yingozi enkulu ekuphepheni kokudla.

Izinga elilinganiselwe le-Zen ekudleni nasekuphakeleni

Zearalenoneukungcola akunciphisi nje kuphela izinga lemikhiqizo yezolimo nokudla, kodwa futhi kuletha ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho. Ngaso leso sikhathi, impilo yomuntu izophinde ibangwe wukudla kokungcoliswa kwe-ZEN noma inyama esele nemikhiqizo yobisi nokunye ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Futhi usatshiswe. Izwe lami elithi “GB13078.2-2006 Feed Hygiene Standard” lidinga ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-ZEN kwe-zearalenone ku-compound feed kanye nommbila akufanele kudlule ku-500 μg/kg. Ngokwezidingo ze-“GB 2761-2011 Mycotoxins in Foods Limits” yakamuva eyakhishwa ngo-2011, okuqukethwe kwe-zearalenone ZEN okusanhlamvu kanye nemikhiqizo yazo kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-60μg/kg. Ngokwamazinga “Enhlanzeko Yokuphakelayo” abuyekezwayo, umkhawulo oqinile kakhulu we-zearalenone ekudleni okuhlanganisiwe kwamachwane nezingulube ezinsikazi ezisencane ngu-100 μg/kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iFrance ibeka ukuthi inani elivumelekile le-zearalenone emabeleni namafutha okudlwengula yi-200 μg/kg; I-Russia ibeka ukuthi inani elivumelekile le-zearalenone ku-durum kakolweni, ufulawa, negciwane likakolweni liyi-1000 μg/kg; I-Uruguay ibeka ukuthi inani elivumelekile le-zearalenone emmbila, Inani elivumelekile le-zearalenone ZEN kubhali ngu-200μg/kg. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ohulumeni bamazwe ahlukahlukene baye bawubona kancane kancane umonakalo olethwa i-zearalenone ezilwaneni nakubantu, kodwa abakafinyeleli izinga elilinganiselwe okuvunyelwene ngalo.

Ingozi yeZearalenone

I-ZEN iwuhlobo lwe-estrogen. Ukukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nohlelo lokuzala lwezilwane ezidla i-ZEN luzothintwa amazinga aphezulu e-estrogen. Kuzo zonke izilwane, izingulube yizo ezizwela kakhulu ku-ZEN. Imiphumela enobuthi ye-ZEN ezinsikazini imi kanje: ngemva kokuba izingulube ezingulube zikhulile zifakwe ubuthi ngokungenisa i-ZEN, izitho zazo zokuzala zizokhula ngendlela engavamile, zihambisane nezimpawu ezifana ne-ovarian dysplasia kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine; Ingulube ekhulelwe ise-ZEN Ukuphuphunyelwa yisisu, ukuzala ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma imvamisa ephezulu yengane engalungile, ukuzala okufile kanye nezibungu ezibuthakathaka zivame ukwenzeka ngemva kobuthi; Izingulube ezincelisayo zizoba nomthamo wobisi olunciphile noma zingakwazi ukukhiqiza ubisi; ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinyane engulube agwinya ubisi olune-ZEN engcolisiwe futhi Izimpawu ezifana nokukhula kancane ngenxa ye-estrogen ephezulu, izimo ezinzima zizolamba futhi ekugcineni zife.

I-ZEN ayigcini ngokuthinta izinkukhu nemfuyo kuphela, kodwa iphinde ibe nomthelela onamandla wobuthi kubantu. I-ZEN inqwabelana emzimbeni womuntu, engase ibangele izimila, ishwabane i-DNA, futhi yenze ama-chromosome abe angajwayelekile. I-ZEN futhi inemiphumela ye-carcinogenic futhi ikhuthaza ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ezicutshini noma ezithweni zabantu. Ukuba khona kobuthi be-ZEN kuholela ezenzweni zomdlavuza kumagundane okuhlola. Izivivinyo ezengeziwe nazo zikuqinisekisile lokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukunqwabelana kwe-ZEN emzimbeni womuntu kudala izifo ezahlukahlukene njengomdlavuza webele noma i-breast hyperplasia.

Indlela yokuthola yezearalenone

Ngenxa yokuthi i-ZEN inohlobo olubanzi lokunukubezeka kanye nokulimala okukhulu, umsebenzi wokuhlola we-ZEN ubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo zonke izindlela zokubona ze-ZEN, lezi ezilandelayo zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu: indlela yensimbi yechromatographic (izici: ukutholwa komthamo, ukunemba okuphezulu, kodwa ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu); i-enzyme-linked immunoassay (izici: ukuzwela okuphezulu namandla amaningi, kodwa Ukusebenza kunzima, isikhathi sokuthola side, futhi izindleko ziphezulu); indlela yokuhlolwa kwegolide ye-colloidal (izici: kuyashesha futhi kulula, izindleko eziphansi, kodwa ukunemba nokuphindaphinda kuncane, akukwazi ukulinganisa); i-fluorescence quantitative immunochromatography (izici: okusheshayo Ukulinganisa okulula nokunembile, ukunemba okuhle, kodwa kudinga ukusebenzisa imishini, ama-reagents avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene awekho jikelele).