I-Nucleic acid ihlukaniswe yaba yi-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ne-ribonucleic acid (RNA), phakathi kwayo i-RNA ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-ribosomal RNA (rRNA), isithunywa i-RNA (mRNA) futhi idlulisele i-RNA (tRNA) ngokwemisebenzi ehlukene.

I-DNA igxile kakhulu ku-nucleus, mitochondria kanye nama-chloroplast, kuyilapho i-RNA isatshalaliswa kakhulu ku-cytoplasm.

Ngenxa yokuthi izisekelo ze-purine nezisekelo ze-pyrimidine ziye zahlanganisa izibopho eziphindwe kabili kuma-nucleic acid, ama-nucleic acid anezici zokumuncwa kwe-ultraviolet. Ukumuncwa kwe-ultraviolet kasawoti wesodium ye-DNA cishe ku-260nm, futhi ukumunca kwawo kuvezwa njenge-A260, futhi kusendaweni yokumunca engu-230nm, ukuze kusetshenziswe i-ultraviolet spectroscopy. Ama-Nucleic acid anqunywa ngobuningi nangekhwalithi nge-luminometer.

Ama-Nucleic acid angama-ampholyte, alingana nama-polyacids. Ama-Nucleic acid angahlukaniswa abe ama-anion ngokusebenzisa amabhafa angathathi hlangothi noma ane-alkali, futhi abekwe endaweni kagesi ukuze aye ngase-anode. Lesi yisimiso se-electrophoresis.

Ukukhishwa kwe-Nucleic acid kanye nemigomo yokuhlanza kanye nezidingo

1. Qinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo esiyinhloko se-nucleic acid

2. Susa ukungcoliswa kwamanye ama-molecule (njengokungabandakanyi ukuphazamiseka kwe-RNA lapho ukhipha i-DNA)

3. Akufanele kube nezincibilikisi eziphilayo kanye nokugxila okuphezulu kwama-ion ensimbi avimbela ama-enzyme kumasampuli e-nucleic acid.

4. Yehlisa izinto zama-macromolecular ezifana namaprotheni, ama-polysaccharides nama-lipids ngangokunokwenzeka

Indlela yokukhishwa kwe-Nucleic acid nendlela yokuhlanza

1. Indlela yokukhipha i-Phenol/chloroform

Yasungulwa ngo-1956. Ngemva kokwelapha uketshezi oluphukile lwengqamuzana noma i-tissue homogenate nge-phenol/chloroform, izingxenye ze-nucleic acid, ikakhulukazi i-DNA, zincibilika esigabeni samanzi, ama-lipids ikakhulukazi asesigabeni sezinto eziphilayo, futhi amaprotheni atholakala phakathi kokubili. izigaba.

2. Ukuna kotshwala

I-Ethanol ingakwazi ukuqeda ungqimba lwe-hydration ye-nucleic acid futhi iveze iqembu le-phosphate elishajelwe kabi, futhi ama-ion ashajwe kahle njenge-NA﹢ angahlangana neqembu le-phosphate ukuze kwakhe imvula.

3. Indlela yekholomu yeChromatographic

Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-adsorption okukhethekile okusekelwe ku-silica, i-DNA ingakhangiswa ngokukhethekile, kuyilapho i-RNA nephrotheni ingadlula kahle, bese isebenzisa usawoti omningi ne-pH ephansi ukubopha i-nucleic acid, futhi i-elute ngosawoti ophansi kanye ne-pH ephezulu ukuze ihlukanise futhi ihlanze i-nucleic. i-asidi.

4. Indlela ye-alkali yokuqhekeka okushisayo

Ukukhishwa kwe-alkaline ikakhulukazi kusebenzisa umehluko we-topological phakathi kwama-plasmids ayindilinga avaliwe kanye ne-chromatin ewumugqa ukuze uwahlukanise. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline, amaprotheni angama-denatured ayancibilika.

5. Indlela ye-pyrolysis ebilisayo

Isixazululo se-DNA siphathwa ngokushisa ukuze sisebenzise izakhiwo zama-molecule e-DNA ewumugqa ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingcezu ze-DNA emgwaqeni owenziwe amaprotheni ashintshiwe kanye nemfucumfucu yamangqamuzana nge-centrifugation.

6. Indlela yobuhlalu beNanomagnetic

Ukusebenzisa i-nanotechnology ukuthuthukisa nokuguqula ubuso be-superparamagnetic nanoparticles, ubuhlalu be-superparamagnetic silicon oxide nano-magnetic bulungiswa. Ubuhlalu obukazibuthe bungakwazi ukubona ngokuqondile futhi bubophe ngempumelelo kuma-nucleic acid ku-interface encane. Ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ze-superparamagnetic ze-silica nanospheres, ngaphansi kwesenzo sikasawoti we-Chaotropic (i-guanidine hydrochloride, i-guanidine isothiocyanate, njll.) kanye nensimu yamagnetic yangaphandle, i-DNA ne-RNA yahlukaniswa negazi, izicubu zezilwane, ukudla, amagciwane e-pathogenic namanye amasampula .