Zearalenone (ZEN)ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-F-2 ityhefu. Iveliswa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungunda kwe fusarium ezifana ne Graminearum, Culmorum kunye ne Crookwellese. Iityhefu zomngundo zikhutshelwe kwindawo yomhlaba. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zeZEN kwagqitywa ngu-Urry kwi-1966 usebenzisa i-nuclear magnetic resonance, i-classical chemistry kunye ne-mass spectrometry, kwaye yabizwa ngokuba: 6-(10-hydroxy-6-oxo-trans-1-decene) -β -Ranoic acid-lactone . I-molecular mass ye-ZEN yi-318, indawo yokunyibilika yi-165 ° C, kwaye inozinzo oluhle lwe-thermal. Ayiyi kubola xa ishushu kwi-120 ° C kwiiyure ze-4; I-ZEN ineempawu ze-fluorescence kwaye inokubonwa nge-fluorescence detector; I-ZEN ayiyi kufunyanwa emanzini, i-S2C kunye ne-CC14 Dissolve; Kulula ukunyibilika kwizisombululo ze-alkali ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-organic solvents njenge-methanol. I-ZEN ingcolisa ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo kwihlabathi jikelele, ibangela ilahleko enkulu kwimizi-mveliso yokutyala nokuzala, kwaye ibeka isoyikiso esinzulu kukhuseleko lokutya.

Umda omiselweyo weZen ekutyeni nasekutyeni

ZearalenoneUngcoliseko alunciphisi nje kuphela umgangatho weemveliso zezolimo kunye nokutya, kodwa luzisa ilahleko enkulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho. Ngaxeshanye, impilo yomntu iyakubangelwa kungcoliseko lweZEN okanye inyama eshiyekileyo kunye neemveliso zobisi kunye nokunye ukutya okuvela kwizilwanyana. Kwaye ugrogriswe. ilizwe lam "i-GB13078.2-2006 yoMgangatho wokuCoceka kokutya" ifuna ukuba umxholo we-ZEN we-zearalenone kwisondlo esidibeneyo kunye nombona akufanele udlule i-500 μg / kg. Ngokweemfuno ze "GB 2761-2011 Mycotoxins in Food Limits" zamva nje ezikhutshwe kwi-2011, umxholo we-zearalenone ZEN kwiinkozo kunye nemveliso yazo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-60μg / kg. Ngokwe “Migangatho yoCoceko lokutyisa” ehlaziywayo, owona mda ungqongqo we zearalenone kukutya okudityanisiweyo kwamantshontsho eehagu kunye neemazi ezincinci yi-100 μg/kg. Ukongezelela, iFransi ichaza ukuba inani elivumelekileyo le-zearalenone kwiinkozo kunye neoli yokudlwengula yi-200 μg / kg; IRashiya ichaza ukuba inani elivumelekileyo le-zearalenone kwingqolowa ye-durum, umgubo kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa yi-1000 μg / kg; I-Uruguay ichaza ukuba inani elivumelekileyo le-zearalenone kwi-corn, Ubungakanani obuvumelekileyo be-zearalenone ZEN kwibhali yi-200μg/kg. Kuyabonakala ukuba oorhulumente bamazwe awahlukahlukeneyo baye ngokuthe ngcembe bawuqonda umonakalo oziswa yi<em>zearalenone kwizilwanyana nakubantu, kodwa abakafikeleli kumda ekuvunyelwene ngawo.

Ubungozi beZearalenone

I-ZEN luhlobo lwe-estrogen. Ukukhula, uphuhliso kunye nenkqubo yokuzala yezilwanyana ezidla i-ZEN iya kuchaphazeleka ngamanqanaba aphezulu e-estrogen. Kuzo zonke izilwanyana, iihagu zezona zinochuku kwiZEN. Iimpembelelo ezinobuthi ze-ZEN kwiimazi zezi zilandelayo: emva kokuba iimazi ezikhulileyo zityhefwe ngokugqithiswa kwe-ZEN, izitho zabo zokuzala ziya kukhula ngokungaqhelekanga, zihamba kunye neempawu ezifana ne-ovarian dysplasia kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine; Imazi yehagu ekhulelweyo ikwi-ZEN Ukuphunyelwa sisisu, ukuzala ngaphambi kwexesha, okanye ukuphindaphindeka okuphezulu kweentsana ezingekafezeki kakuhle, ukuzala umntwana ongasekhoyo kunye neemveku ezibuthathaka ziqhele ukwenzeka emva kwetyhefu; Iimazi ezincancisayo ziya kuba sezantsi umthamo wobisi okanye zingakwazi ukuvelisa ubisi; Kwangaxeshanye, amantshontsho eehagu aginya ubisi oluyi-ZEN-engcolisekileyo ayakuthi kwakhona Iimpawu ezifana nokukhula kancinci ngenxa ye-estrogen ephezulu, iimeko ezinzima ziyakulamba kwaye ekugqibeleni zife.

I-ZEN ayichaphazeli iinkukhu nemfuyo kuphela, kodwa ikwanempembelelo eyityhefu enamandla ebantwini. I-ZEN iqokelelana emzimbeni womntu, nto leyo enokubangela amathumba, ishwabane iDNA, ize yenze iichromosomes zibe zingaqhelekanga. I-ZEN nayo ineziphumo ze-carcinogenic kwaye ikhuthaza ukwanda okuqhubekayo kweeseli zomhlaza kwizicubu okanye amalungu omntu. Ubukho betyhefu yeZEN bukhokelela kwisehlo somhlaza kwiimpuku zokulinga. Uvavanyo olwandisiweyo nalo likuqinisekisile oku. Ukongeza, ezinye izifundo ziye zaqikelela ukuba ukuqokelelana kweZEN emzimbeni womntu kubangela izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengomhlaza webele okanye i-breast hyperplasia.

Indlela yokubona yezearalenone

Kuba iZEN inoluhlu olubanzi lokungcoliseka kunye nomonakalo omkhulu, umsebenzi wovavanyo we-ZEN ubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo zonke iindlela zokubona ze-ZEN, ezi zilandelayo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo: indlela yesixhobo se-chromatographic (iimpawu: ukufumanisa ubungakanani, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kodwa umsebenzi onzima kunye neendleko eziphezulu kakhulu); I-enzyme-ikhonkco ye-immunoassay (iimpawu: uvakalelo oluphezulu kunye namandla obungakanani, kodwa Umsebenzi unzima, ixesha lokufumanisa lide, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu); indlela yokuvavanya igolide ye-colloidal (iimpawu: ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda kubi, akukwazi ukulinganisa); i-fluorescence quantitative immunochromatography (iimpawu: ngokukhawuleza Ukulinganisa okulula kunye nokuchanekileyo, ukuchaneka okulungileyo, kodwa kufuneka kusetyenziswe izixhobo, ii-reagents ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukeneyo azikho jikelele).