Nucleic acid e arotsoe ka deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) le ribonucleic acid (RNA), eo har'a eona RNA e ka aroloa ka ribosomal RNA (rRNA), lenģosa la RNA (mRNA) le ho fetisetsa RNA (tRNA) ho ea ka mesebetsi e fapaneng.

DNA e tsepamisitsoe haholo nucleus, mitochondria le chloroplasts, ha RNA e hasana haholo ho cytoplasm.

Hobane metheo ea purine le metheo ea pyrimidine e kopantseng litlamo tse habeli ho li-nucleic acid, li-nucleic acid li na le litšobotsi tsa ho monya ha ultraviolet. Ho monya ha ultraviolet ha letsoai la sodium ea DNA ho pota 260nm, 'me ho monya ha eona ho hlahisoa e le A260,' me e sebakeng sa ho monya ho 230nm, kahoo ultraviolet spectroscopy e ka sebelisoa. Li-nucleic acid li khethoa ka bongata le ka boleng ke lebone la luminometer.

Nucleic acids ke li-ampholyte, tse lekanang le li-polyacids. Li-nucleic acid li ka aroloa ho li-anion ka ho sebelisa li-buffers tse sa nke lehlakore kapa tsa alkaline, ebe li kenngoa tšimong ea motlakase ho ea ho anode. Ena ke molao-motheo oa electrophoresis.

Nucleic acid e ntšoa le melao-motheo ea tlhoekiso le litlhoko

1. Etsa bonnete ba hore botšepehi ba nucleic acid e ka sehloohong sebopeho

2. Felisa tšilafalo ea limolek'hule tse ling (tse kang ho se kenyeletse tšitiso ea RNA ha u ntša DNA)

3. Ha hoa lokela ho ba le li-solvents le li-ion tse phahameng tsa tšepe tse thibelang li-enzyme ho lisampole tsa nucleic acid.

4. Fokotsa lintho tsa macromolecular tse kang liprotheine, polysaccharides le lipids ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Mokhoa oa ho ntša asiti ea nucleic le mokhoa oa ho hloekisa

1. Mokhoa oa ho ntša phenol/chloroform

E ile ea qaptjoa ka 1956. Ka mor'a ho phekola sele robehileng mokelikeli kapa dinama tse nyenyane tse homogenate le phenol/chloroform, metsoako nucleic acid, haholo-holo DNA, qhibiliha ka mohato aqueous, lipids haholo-holo ka manyolo mohato, 'me liprotheine li teng pakeng tsa tse peli tse. mekhahlelo.

2. Joala bo nang le pula

Ethanol e ka tlosa lera la hydration la nucleic acid le ho pepesa sehlopha sa phosphate se qosoang hampe, 'me li-ion tse qosoang hantle tse kang NA﹢ li ka kopana le sehlopha sa phosphate ho theha pula.

3. Mokhoa oa kholumo ea Chromatographic

Ka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa silica-based adsorption, DNA e ka adsorbed ka ho khetheha, ha RNA le protheine li ka feta hantle, ebe li sebelisa letsoai le phahameng le pH e tlaase ho tlama nucleic acid, le elute ka letsoai le tlaase le pH e phahameng ho arola le ho hloekisa nucleic. asiti.

4. Mocheso cracking alkali mokhoa

Ho ntšoa ha alkaline haholo-holo ho sebelisa liphapang tsa topological lipakeng tsa li-plasmids tse chitja tse koetsoeng ka thata le chromatin e melang ho li arola. Tlas'a maemo a alkaline, liprotheine tsa denatured lia qhibiliha.

5. Mokhoa oa ho belisa oa pyrolysis

Tharollo ea DNA e phekoloa ka mocheso ho nka monyetla oa thepa ea limolek'hule tsa DNA tse nang le mela ho arola likaroloana tsa DNA ho tloha ho metsi a entsoeng ke liprotheine tse entsoeng ka denatured le litšila tsa cellular ka centrifugation.

6. Mokhoa oa lifaha tsa Nanomagnetic

Ho sebelisa nanotechnology ho ntlafatsa le ho fetola bokaholimo ba superparamagnetic nanoparticles, lifaha tsa superparamagnetic silicon oxide nano-magnetic lia lokisoa. Lifaha tsa makenete li ka lemoha le ho tlama limolek'hule tsa nucleic acid ka sebopeho sa microscopic. Ho sebelisa thepa ea superparamagnetic ea silika nanospheres, tlas'a ketso ea letsoai la Chaotropic (guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate, joalo-joalo) le matla a khoheli a kantle, DNA le RNA li ne li arohane le mali, lisele tsa liphoofolo, lijo, likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic le mehlala e meng .