Nucleic acid waxa loo qaybiyaa deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) iyo ribonucleic acid (RNA), kuwaas oo RNA loo qaybin karo ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) iyo wareejinta RNA (tRNA) iyadoo loo eegayo hawlo kala duwan.

DNA waxay inta badan ku urursan tahay xudunta, mitochondria iyo chloroplasts, halka RNA inta badan lagu qaybiyo cytoplasm.

Sababtoo ah saldhigyada purine iyo saldhigyada pyrimidine waxay leeyihiin isku-xidhka labanlaab ee asiidhyada nucleic-ka ah, asiidhyada nucleic waxay leeyihiin sifooyinka nuugista ultraviolet. Nuugista ultraviolet ee cusbada sodium ee DNA waxay ku dhowdahay 260nm, nuugsigeedana waxaa lagu muujiyey sida A260, waxayna ku taal marinka nuugista ee 230nm, markaa ultraviolet spectroscopy ayaa la isticmaali karaa. Asiidhyada nukliyeerka waxaa tiro ahaan iyo tayo ahaan lagu go'aamiyaa luminometer.

Asiidhyada Nucleic-ku waa ampholytes, kuwaas oo u dhigma polyacids. Asiidhyada nukliyeerka waxaa loo kala qaybin karaa anions iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhexdhexaad ama alkaliin, waxaana la geliyaa beer koronto si ay ugu dhaqaaqdo anode-ka. Tani waa mabda'a electrophoresis.

Soo saarista aashitada nukliyeerka iyo mabaadiida nadiifinta iyo shuruudaha

1. Hubi daacadnimada qaabdhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee aashitada nucleic

2. Baabi'in wasakhda unugyada kale (sida marka laga reebo faragelinta RNA marka la soo saarayo DNA)

3. Waa in aanay jirin dareere organic ah iyo xaddi badan oo ion bir ah oo ka hortagaya enzymes ee muunado acid nucleic ah.

4. Iska yaree walxaha makromolecular sida borotiinka, polysaccharides iyo lipids intii suurtogal ah.

Soo saarista aashitada nukliyeerka iyo habka nadiifinta

1. Habka soo saarista phenol/chloroform

Waxaa la alifay 1956. Ka dib markii la daaweeyay dareeraha jabay unugga ama unugyadu hoogenate ee phenol/chloroform, qaybaha aashitada nukliyeerka, inta badan DNA, waxay ku milmeen wejiga aqueous, lipids waxay inta badan ku jiraan wajiga organic, iyo borotiinada waxay ku yaalaan inta u dhaxaysa labada. wejiyada.

2. Roobabka khamriga

Ethanol wuxuu baabi'in karaa lakabka fuuq-baxa ee nucleic acid wuxuuna soo bandhigi karaa kooxda fosfateetka ee sida xun loo dallacay, iyo ions si wanaagsan loo dallaco sida NA﹢ waxay ku dari kartaa kooxda fosfatetada si ay u sameeyaan roobab.

3. Habka tiirka Chromatographic

Iyada oo loo marayo walxaha silica-ku-salaysan ee gaarka ah, DNA si gaar ah ayaa loo dhejin karaa, halka RNA iyo borotiinku ay si habsami leh u dhex mari karaan, ka dibna isticmaal milix sare iyo pH hoose si ay ugu xidhaan acid nucleic, iyo milix yar iyo pH sare si loo kala saaro loona nadiifiyo nucleic aashito.

4. Habka alkali dilaaca kulaylka

Soo saarista alkaline inta badan waxay isticmaashaa kala duwanaanshaha topological ee u dhexeeya plasmids wareegtada si wadajir ah u xidhan iyo chromatin toosan si loo kala saaro. Xaaladaha alkaline-ka hoostooda, borotiinnada la jeexjeexay waa la milmayaa.

5. Habka pyrolysis ee karkaraya

Xalka DNA-da waxaa lagu daaweeyaa kulayl si looga faa'iidaysto sifooyinka molecules DNA-ga tooska ah si loo kala saaro jajabyada DNA-da ee qulqulka ay sameeyeen borotiinnada la qoday iyo qashinka gacanta ee centrifugation.

6. Habka looxyada nanomagnetic

Isticmaalka nanotechnology si loo hagaajiyo oo wax looga beddelo dusha sare ee nanoparticles superparamagnetic, superparamagnetic silicon oxide nano-magnetic kuul ayaa la diyaariyey. Kuul birlabeedka ayaa si gaar ah u aqoonsan kara oo si hufan ugu xidhi kara molecules-ka aashitada nucleic-ka ah ee is-dhex galka yar yar. Isticmaalka sifooyinka superparamagnetic ee nanospheres silica, oo hoos yimaada ficilka cusbada Chaotropic (guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate, iwm.) iyo goobta magnetic dibadda, DNA iyo RNA ayaa laga soocay dhiigga, unugyada xayawaanka, cuntada, microorganisms pathogenic iyo muunado kale.