1. Tsvakurudzo yekutanga pamusoro pe nucleic acids: genomic cloning
2. Asymmetric PCR kugadzirira DNA ine tambo imwe chete yeDNA sequencing
3. Kutsunga kwenzvimbo dzisingazivikanwe dzeDNA nePCR inverse
4. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) inoshandiswa kuona chiyero chejene kutaura mumasero, huwandu hweRNA virus uye kuumbwa kwakananga kwecDNA yemajini chaiwo.
5. Fluorescence quantitative PCR inoshandiswa kutarisa-chaiyo nguva yePCR zvigadzirwa.
6. Kukurumidza kukwidziridzwa kwecDNA kunopera
7. Kuonekwa kwemazwi ejeni
8. Zvikumbiro zvekurapa: kuonekwa kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya nehutachiona; kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvemajini; kuongororwa kwemamota; yakashandiswa kune umbowo hwekuongorora