SPE yave iripo kwemakumi emakore, uye nechikonzero chakanaka. Kana masayendisiti achida kubvisa zvikamu zvemashure kubva kumasampuli avo, vanotarisana nedambudziko rekuita izvi vasingaderedze kugona kwavo kunyatsoona uye kunyatsoona kuvepo uye huwandu hwekomboni yavo yekufarira. SPE imwe nzira iyo masayendisiti anowanzo shandisa kubatsira kugadzirira masampula avo echiridzwa chinonzwisisika chinoshandiswa pakuongorora kwehuwandu. SPE yakasimba, inoshandira huwandu hwakawanda hwemhando dzemuenzaniso, uye zvitsva zveSPE zvigadzirwa uye nzira dzinoramba dzichigadzirwa. Pamwoyo wekugadzira nzira idzi kutenda kuti kunyangwe izwi rekuti "chromatography" risingaratidzike muzita rehunyanzvi, SPE inzira yekuparadzanisa chromatographic.

SPE: Iyo Yakanyarara Chromatography

Pane chirevo chekare chinoti "kana muti ukawira musango, uye pasina ari pedyo kuti anzwe, uchiri kuita ruzha here?" Chirevo ichocho chinotiyeuchidza nezveSPE. Izvi zvingaite sezvisinganzwisisike kutaura, asi kana tikafunga nezve SPE, mubvunzo unova "kana kupatsanurwa kukaitika uye pasina detector ipapo yekuzvinyora, chromatography yakanyatsoitika here?" Panyaya yeSPE, mhinduro ndeye "hongu!" Kana uchigadzira kana kugadzirisa nzira yeSPE, zvinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kuyeuka kuti SPE ingori chromatography isina chromatogram. Paunofunga nezvazvo, handiti Mikhail Tsvet, anozivikanwa sa "baba vechromatography," achiita yatingati "SPE" nhasi? Paakaparadzanisa misanganiswa yake yemavara echirimwa nekuita kuti simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi ritakure, rakanyungudutswa mumunyungudutsa, kuburikidza nemubhedha wechoko yepasi, zvaive zvakasiyana zvakanyanya pane yemazuva ano SPE nzira?

Kunzwisisa Muenzaniso Wako

Sezvo SPE yakavakirwa pamisimboti yechromatographic, pamwoyo wenzira dzese dzakanaka dzeSPE hukama pakati pevanoongorora, matrix, nhanho yekumira (iyo SPE sorbent), uye chikamu chenhare (zvinonyungudutsa zvinoshandiswa kugeza kana kuburitsa sampuli) .

Kunzwisisa chimiro chemuenzaniso wako zvakanyanya sezvinobvira ndiyo nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga kana iwe uchifanira kugadzira kana kugadzirisa nzira yeSPE. Kuti udzivise kuyedza uye kukanganisa kusiri madikanwa panguva yekuvandudza nzira, tsananguro dzemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro zvevaongorori vako uye matrix inobatsira zvikuru. Kana iwe wangoziva nezve yako sampuli, iwe unenge uri pachinzvimbo chirinani chekufananidza iyo sampuli neyakakodzera SPE chigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, kuziva hukama hwepakati hwevaongorori vakaenzaniswa kune mumwe nemumwe uye matrix inogona kukubatsira kusarudza kana kushandisa polarity kuparadzanisa vaongorori kubva kumatrix ndiyo nzira kwayo. Kuziva kana vaongorori vako vasina kwavakarerekera kana kuti vanogona kuvepo munzvimbo dzinopomerwa zvinogonawo kukubatsira kukutungamira kune zvigadzirwa zveSPE zvinonyanya kuchengetedza kana kuburitsa zvisina kwazvakarerekera, zvinopomerwa zvakanaka, kana mhando dzakapomerwa zvakaipa. Aya mazano maviri anomiririra maviri eanowanzo shandiswa analyte zvivakwa kuti awedzere pakugadzira nzira dzeSPE nekusarudza zvigadzirwa zveSPE. Kana iwe uchigona kutsanangura ma analytes ako uye ane mukurumbira matrix zvikamu mumashoko aya, uri munzira yekutora gwara rakanaka rekuvandudza nzira yako yeSPE.

Kuparadzaniswa neAffinity

Misimboti inotsanangura kupatsanurwa kunoitika mukati meLC column, semuenzaniso, iri kutamba mukuparadzaniswa kweSPE. Hwaro hwekuparadzaniswa kwechero chromatographic kumisa sisitimu ine madhigirii akasiyana ekudyidzana pakati pezvikamu zvemuenzaniso uye zvikamu zviviri zviripo mukoramu kana SPE cartridge, nharembozha uye nhanho yakamira.

Rimwe rematanho ekutanga ekunzwa wakasununguka neSPE nzira yekuvandudza kuve nekujairana nemhando mbiri dzinowanzo sangana dzekudyidzana dzinoshandiswa mukuparadzaniswa kweSPE: polarity uye/kana charger state.

Polarity

Kana iwe uchizoshandisa polarity kuchenesa sampuli yako, imwe yesarudzo yekutanga yaunofanirwa kuita ndeyekusarudza kuti ndeipi "modhi" yakanyanya kunaka. Zvakanakisa kushanda ine polar SPE yepakati uye isingaite nharembozha nhanho (kureva yakajairwa modhi) kana zvakapesana, isiri polar SPE yepakati yakasanganiswa neinoti polar mobile phase (kureva yakadzoserwa modhi, inodaidzwa nekuti inopesana. yepakutanga yakatangwa "yakajairika maitiro").

Sezvo iwe uchiongorora zvigadzirwa zveSPE, iwe uchaona kuti SPE nhanho dziripo mune dzakasiyana siyana polarities. Zvakare, iyo sarudzo ye mobile phase solvent inopawo huwandu hwakasiyana hwepolarities, kazhinji inogoneka zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekushandisa musanganiswa wezvinonyungudutsa, buffers, kana zvimwe zvinowedzera. Pane hukuru hukuru hwefinesse inogoneka kana uchishandisa polarity misiyano seyakakosha hunhu kushandisa kuparadzanisa vaongorori vako kubva kune matrix kukanganisa (kana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe).

Ingo rangarira chirevo chekare chemakemikari "sezvinonyungudika se" paunenge uchifunga nezve polarity semutyairi wekuparadzana. Kunyanya kufanana kwekomboni kune polarity yechikamu chinotakurika kana chakamira, ndiko kunowedzera mukana wekudyidzana zvakanyanya. Kudyidzana kwakasimba nechikamu chakamira kunotungamira kukuchengetedza kwenguva refu paSPE yepakati. Kudyidzana kwakasimba nechikamu chenhare kunotungamirira kukuchengetedza kushoma uye kuburitswa kwepakutanga.

Charge State

Kana vaongorori vekufarira vangave varipo munzvimbo inopomerwa kana vachikwanisa kuiswa munzvimbo ine mhosva nemamiriro emhinduro yavanonyungudika mukati (semuenzaniso pH), saka imwe nzira ine simba yekuvaparadzanisa kubva kumatrix (kana imwe neimwe. imwe) iri kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweSPE media inogona kuvakwezva nemubhadharo wavo.

Muchiitiko ichi, mitemo yekukwezva ye electrostatic inoshanda. Kusiyana nekupatsanurwa kunovimba nehunhu hwemapolarity uye "sezvinonyungudika se" modhi yekudyidzana, kudyidzana kwenyika kunoshanda pamutemo we "anopikisa anokwezva." Semuenzaniso, unogona kunge uine SPE svikiro ine chaji yakanaka pamusoro payo. Kuti uenzanise iyo nzvimbo yakachajiswa zvakanaka, pane kazhinji kacho mhando ine zvakaipa (anion) pakutanga yakasungwa kwairi. Kana analyte yako yakashata ikaiswa muhurongwa, ine simba rekubvisa iyo yekutanga yakasungwa anion uye kupindirana neyakachajirwa SPE pamusoro. Izvi zvinoguma nekuchengetwa kweanoongorora pachikamu cheSPE. Kuchinjana uku kweanions kunonzi "Anion Exchange" uye ungori muenzaniso mumwe wechikamu chakafara che "Ion Exchange" SPE zvigadzirwa. Mumuenzaniso uyu, mhuka dzakachajiswa zvakanaka dzinogona kuve nekurudziro yakasimba yekugara muchikamu chenhare uye kusadyidzana neyakachajiswa zvakanaka SPE pamusoro, kuti irege kuchengetwa. Uye, kunze kwekunge nzvimbo yeSPE iine humwe hunhu mukuwedzera kune yayo ion yekutsinhana zvivakwa, mhando dzisina kwadzakarerekera dzaizochengetwawo zvishoma (kunyangwe, zvakasanganiswa SPE zvigadzirwa zviripo, zvichikubvumidza iwe kushandisa ion kuchinjanisa uye kudzoreredza nzira dzekuchengetedza chikamu mune imwechete SPE medium. ).

Musiyano wakakosha wekuchengeta mupfungwa kana uchishandisa nzira dzekuchinjanisa ion chimiro chechaji mamiriro eanoongorora. Kana iyo analyte inogara ichipomerwa, pasinei nepH yemhinduro iyo iri mukati, inonzi "yakasimba" mhando. Kana iyo analyte ichingobhadhariswa pasi pemamwe pH mamiriro, inoonekwa se "isina simba" mhando. Ndiwo hunhu hwakakosha kuti unzwisise nezve vaongorori vako nekuti inozoona kuti ndeipi mhando yeSPE midhiya yekushandisa. Mukutaura kwakawanda, kufunga nezvekupikisa kuenda pamwechete kuchabatsira pano. Zvinokurudzirwa kubatanidza isina simba ion exchange SPE sorbent ne "simba" mhando uye yakasimba ion exchange sorbent ine "isina simba" analyte.