Nucleic acid yakakamurwa kuita deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) uye ribonucleic acid (RNA), pakati peiyo RNA inogona kukamurwa kuita ribosomal RNA (rRNA), mutumwa RNA (mRNA) uye kuendesa RNA (tRNA) zvinoenderana nemabasa akasiyana.

DNA inonyanya kuiswa mukati memukati, mitochondria uye chloroplasts, nepo RNA inonyanya kugoverwa mucytoplasm.

Nekuti mabhesi epurine uye mabhesi epyrimidine akabatanidza zvisungo zvakapetwa mu nucleic acids, nucleic acids ine hunhu hwekunyura kwe ultraviolet. Iko kunyura kwe ultraviolet kweDNA sodium munyu kunosvika 260nm, uye kunyura kwayo kunoratidzwa seA260, uye iri panzvimbo yekunyura pa230nm, saka ultraviolet spectroscopy inogona kushandiswa. Nucleic acids ndeye quantitatively uye qualitatively yakatarwa ne luminometer.

Nucleic acids maampholytes, ayo akaenzana ne polyacids. Nucleic acids inogona kupatsanurwa kuita anions nekushandisa kwazvakarerekera kana alkaline buffers, uye kuiswa mumunda wemagetsi kuti uende kune anode. Iyi ndiyo nheyo ye electrophoresis.

Nucleic acid kudhirowa uye misimboti yekuchenesa uye zvinodiwa

1. Iva nechokwadi chekutendeseka kwe nucleic acid primary structure

2. Bvisa kusvibiswa kwemamwe mamorekuru (sekusabatanidza kupindira kweRNA pakuburitsa DNA)

3. Panofanira kunge pasina organic solvents uye yakanyanya kuwanda kwesimbi ayoni inodzivisa maenzayimu mu nucleic acid samples.

4. Deredza macromolecular zvinhu zvakadai semapuroteni, polysaccharides uye lipids zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Nucleic acid kubviswa uye nzira yekuchenesa

1. Phenol/chloroform yekubvisa nzira

Yakagadzirwa muna 1956. Mushure mekurapa sero rakaputsika mvura kana kuti tishu homogenate ne phenol/chloroform, nucleic acid components, kunyanya DNA, inonyungudutswa muchikamu chemvura, lipids inonyanya muchikamu chehupenyu, uye mapuroteni anowanikwa pakati pezviviri. phases.

2. Kunaya kwedoro

Ethanol inogona kubvisa hydration layer ye nucleic acid uye kufumura boka rakashata rephosphate, uye maion anochajiswa zvakanaka akadai seNA﹢ anogona kusangana neboka rephosphate kugadzira mvura.

3. Chromatographic column nzira

Kuburikidza neiyo yakakosha silica-based adsorption zvinhu, DNA inogona kunyatso kushambadzwa, nepo RNA neprotein zvichigona kupfuura zvakanaka, uyezve kushandisa munyu wakakwira uye yakaderera pH kusunga nucleic acid, uye elute nemunyu wakaderera uye yakakwirira pH kuparadzanisa uye kuchenesa nucleic. acid.

4. Thermal kutsemuka alkali nzira

Alkaline kubviswa kunonyanya kushandisa misiyano yetopological pakati pecovalently yakavharwa denderedzwa plasmids uye linear chromatin kuaparadzanisa. Pasi pemamiriro e-alkaline, mapuroteni e denatured anonyungudika.

5. Kubikira pyrolysis nzira

Iyo DNA mhinduro inorapwa nekupisa kutora mukana weiyo mitsetse yeDNA mamorekuru kupatsanura zvidimbu zveDNA kubva kumvura inoumbwa nemapuroteni akadhindwa uye marara emasero necentrifugation.

6. Nanomagnetic beads nzira

Uchishandisa nanotechnology kuvandudza uye kugadzirisa pamusoro peiyo superparamagnetic nanoparticles, superparamagnetic silicon oxide nano-magnetic bead inogadzirwa. Iwo magineti mabedhi anogona kunyatsoona uye kunyatsosunga kune nucleic acid mamorekuru pane microscopic interface. Uchishandisa iyo superparamagnetic maitiro e silica nanospheres, pasi pekuita kweChaotropic munyu (guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate, nezvimwewo) uye yekunze magineti, DNA neRNA zvakaparadzaniswa neropa, mhuka yemhuka, chikafu, pathogenic microorganisms uye mamwe masampuli .