1. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze kuri acide nucleic: clomic genomic
2. Asimmetric PCR kugirango itegure ADN imwe imwe kugirango ikurikirane ADN
3. Kumenya uturere twa ADN tutazwi na PCR itandukanye
4.
5. Fluorescence yuzuye PCR ikoreshwa mugukurikirana-igihe ibicuruzwa bya PCR
6. Kwiyongera byihuse kwa cDNA birangira
7. Kumenya imvugo ya gene
8. Gusaba ubuvuzi: gutahura indwara za bagiteri na virusi; gusuzuma indwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzima fatizo; gusuzuma ibibyimba; ikoreshwa ku bimenyetso by'ubucamanza