SPE imaze imyaka mirongo, kandi kubwimpamvu. Iyo abahanga bashaka kuvana ibice byibanze kuburugero rwabo, bahura ningorabahizi yo kubikora batagabanije ubushobozi bwabo bwo kumenya neza kandi neza kumenya ahari nubunini bwinyungu zabo. SPE ni tekinike imwe abahanga bakunze gukoresha kugirango bafashe gutegura ingero zabo kubikoresho byoroshye bikoreshwa mu gusesengura ingano. SPE irakomeye, ikora kumurongo mugari wubwoko bwicyitegererezo, nibicuruzwa bishya bya SPE nuburyo bukomeje gutezwa imbere. Intandaro yo guteza imbere ubwo buryo ni ugushimira ko nubwo ijambo "chromatografiya" ritagaragara mwizina ryubuhanga, SPE nubundi buryo bwo gutandukanya chromatografique.

SPE: Chromatografi Yicecekeye

Hariho umugani wa kera "niba igiti kiguye mwishyamba, kandi ntamuntu uri hafi kubyumva, biracyumvikana?" Iyo mvugo iratwibutsa SPE. Ibyo birasa nkaho bidasanzwe kubivuga, ariko iyo dutekereje kuri SPE, ikibazo gihinduka "niba habaye gutandukana kandi ntamutasi uhari ngo ubyandike, koko chromatografiya yabayeho?" Ku bijyanye na SPE, igisubizo ni "yego!" Mugihe utezimbere cyangwa ukemura ikibazo cya SPE, birashobora gufasha cyane kwibuka ko SPE ari chromatografiya gusa idafite chromatogramu. Iyo ubitekereje, ntabwo Mikhail Tsvet, uzwi ku izina rya "se wa chromatografiya," ntabwo yakoraga icyo twakwita "SPE" uyu munsi? Mugihe yatandukanije imvange yibimera byibimera areka uburemere bukabitwara, bigashonga mumashanyarazi, binyuze muburiri bwubutaka hejuru ya chalk, byari bitandukanye cyane nuburyo bwa SPE bugezweho?

Sobanukirwa Icyitegererezo cyawe

Kubera ko SPE ishingiye kumahame ya chromatografiya, kumutima wuburyo bwiza bwa SPE ni isano iri hagati ya analyite, matrix, icyiciro gihagaze (SPE sorbent), nicyiciro kigendanwa (umusemburo ukoreshwa mu koza cyangwa kurandura icyitegererezo) .

Gusobanukirwa imiterere yicyitegererezo cyawe gishoboka ni ahantu heza ho gutangirira niba ugomba kwiteza imbere cyangwa gukemura ikibazo cya SPE. Kugirango wirinde ikigeragezo kidakenewe namakosa mugihe cyiterambere ryuburyo, ibisobanuro byimiterere yumubiri na chimique ya analyte yawe na matrix birafasha cyane. Umaze kumenya ibyitegererezo byawe, uzaba mumwanya mwiza wo guhuza urwo rugero nibicuruzwa bikwiye bya SPE. Kurugero, kumenya isano ya polarite ya analyite ugereranije nundi kandi matrix irashobora kugufasha guhitamo niba ukoresheje polarite kugirango utandukanye analyite na matrix nuburyo bwiza. Kumenya niba analyite zawe zidafite aho zibogamiye cyangwa zishobora kubaho muri leta zishyuzwa birashobora kandi kugufasha kukuyobora kubicuruzwa bya SPE kabuhariwe mu kugumana cyangwa kuvanaho kutabogama, kwishyurwa neza, cyangwa ubwoko bwishyuwe nabi. Ibi bitekerezo byombi byerekana ibintu bibiri bikoreshwa cyane muri analyte kugirango ukoreshe mugihe utezimbere uburyo bwa SPE no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bya SPE. Niba ushobora gusobanura analyite yawe nibice byingenzi bya matrix muri aya magambo, uri munzira yo guhitamo icyerekezo cyiza cyiterambere rya SPE.

Gutandukana na Affinity

Amahame asobanura gutandukana kugaragara murinkingi ya LC, kurugero, barimo gukina muburyo bwo gutandukana kwa SPE. Urufatiro rwo gutandukanya chromatografi iyo ari yo yose ni ugushiraho sisitemu ifite urwego rutandukanye rwimikoranire hagati yibice byicyitegererezo hamwe nibyiciro bibiri biboneka mu nkingi cyangwa kuri karitsiye ya SPE, icyiciro kigendanwa nicyiciro gihagaze.

Imwe muntambwe yambere iganisha ku kumva neza hamwe niterambere rya SPE ni ukumenyera ubwoko bubiri bukunze guhura bwimikoranire ikoreshwa mugutandukanya SPE: polarite na / cyangwa kwishyuza leta.

Ubuharike

Niba ugiye gukoresha polarite kugirango usukure icyitegererezo cyawe, bumwe muburyo bwa mbere ugomba guhitamo ni uguhitamo "uburyo" bwiza. Nibyiza gukorana na polarike ya SPE igereranije nicyiciro kigendanwa kitagereranywa (nukuvuga uburyo busanzwe) cyangwa ikinyuranyo, icyerekezo cya SPE gisa nicyuma gipima icyerekezo kigendanwa (nukuvuga uburyo bwahinduwe, bwitirirwa gusa kuberako bihabanye ya mbere yashizweho "uburyo busanzwe").

Mugihe ushakisha ibicuruzwa bya SPE, uzasanga ibyiciro bya SPE bibaho murwego rwa polarite. Byongeye kandi, guhitamo icyiciro cya mobile mobile solvent nayo itanga intera nini ya polarite, akenshi irashobora guhuzwa cyane no gukoresha imvange yumuti, buffer, cyangwa izindi nyongeramusaruro. Hariho urwego runini rwa finesse rushoboka mugihe ukoresheje itandukaniro rya polarite nkibyingenzi biranga gukoresha kugirango utandukanye analyite yawe nimbogamizi za matrix (cyangwa nizindi).

Gusa uzirikane imvugo ya kera ya chimie "nka gushonga nka" mugihe utekereza polarite nkumushoferi wo gutandukana. Birenzeho ibice ni kuri polarite yicyiciro kigendanwa cyangwa gihagaze, birashoboka cyane ko bikorana cyane. Imikoranire ikomeye hamwe nicyiciro gihagaze iganisha kumurongo muremure kuri SPE. Imikoranire ikomeye nicyiciro cya mobile iganisha ku kugumana gake no kurandurwa mbere.

Kwishyuza Leta

Niba analyite zinyungu zishobora kubaho buri gihe muburyo bwishyuzwa cyangwa zishobora gushyirwa muburyo bwishyuzwa nuburyo igisubizo cyakemuwe (urugero pH), noneho ubundi buryo bukomeye bwo kubatandukanya na matrise (cyangwa buri bindi) ni mugukoresha itangazamakuru rya SPE rishobora kubakurura hamwe nubwishyu bwabo.

Muri iki kibazo, amategeko ya elegitoroniki yo gukurura akurikizwa. Bitandukanye no gutandukana gushingiye kubiranga polarite na "nka gushonga nka" icyitegererezo cyimikoranire, imikoranire ya leta yishyurwa ikora ku itegeko rya "abarwanya gukurura." Kurugero, urashobora kugira SPE igikoresho gifite charge nziza hejuru yacyo. Kuringaniza ubuso bwuzuye neza, mubisanzwe hariho ubwoko bwishyuwe nabi (anion) bwambere buhambiriye. Niba analyte yawe yuzuye nabi yinjijwe muri sisitemu, ifite ubushobozi bwo kwimura anion yabanje guhuza no gukorana nubuso bwa SPE bwuzuye neza. Ibi bivamo kugumana analyte kurwego rwa SPE. Uku guhinduranya anion kwitwa "Anion Guhana" kandi ni urugero rumwe rwicyiciro cyagutse cyibicuruzwa bya "Ion Guhana" SPE. Muri uru rugero, ubwoko bwishyuwe neza bwaba bufite ubushake bukomeye bwo kuguma mu cyiciro kigendanwa kandi ntibusabane nubuso bwa SPE bwuzuye neza, bityo ntibugumane. Kandi, keretse niba ubuso bwa SPE bwari bufite ibindi biranga usibye uburyo bwo guhanahana ion, ubwoko butagira aho bubogamiye nabwo bwagumaho cyane (nubwo, ibicuruzwa nkibi bya SPE bivanze birahari, bikwemerera gukoresha uburyo bwo guhanahana ion hamwe nuburyo bwo kugumana ibyiciro muburyo bumwe bwa SPE ).

Itandukaniro ryingenzi ugomba kuzirikana mugihe ukoresha uburyo bwo guhanahana ion nuburyo imiterere yishyurwa rya analyte. Niba analyte ihora yishyuzwa, hatitawe kuri pH yumuti irimo, ifatwa nkubwoko "bukomeye". Niba analyte yishyurwa gusa mubihe bimwe na bimwe bya pH, ifatwa nkubwoko bw "intege nke". Nicyo kintu cyingenzi kiranga gusobanukirwa kubyerekeye analyte yawe kuko izagena ubwoko bwibitangazamakuru bya SPE gukoresha. Muri rusange, gutekereza kubitandukanye bijyana bizafasha hano. Nibyiza guhuza ion idakomeye ya SPE sorbent nubwoko "bukomeye" hamwe na ion ikomeye yo guhana sorbent hamwe na analyte "idakomeye".