Acide nucleique igabanyijemo aside deoxyribonucleic (ADN) na aside ribonucleic (RNA), muri yo RNA ishobora kugabanywamo RNA ya ribosomal RNA (rRNA), intumwa RNA (mRNA) no kohereza RNA (tRNA) ukurikije imirimo itandukanye.

ADN yibanda cyane muri nucleus, mitochondria na chloroplasts, naho RNA ikwirakwizwa cyane muri cytoplazme.

Kuberako ibishishwa bya purine hamwe na pyrimidine byahujije imigozi ibiri muri acide nucleic, acide nucleic ifite ibiranga kwinjiza ultraviolet. Kwinjira kwa ultraviolet kwinjiza umunyu wa sodium ya ADN bigera kuri 260nm, kandi iyinjira ryayo igaragazwa nka A260, kandi iri ku muyoboro winjira kuri 230nm, bityo rero ultraviolet spectroscopy irashobora gukoreshwa. Nucleic acide igenwa mubwinshi kandi yujuje ubuziranenge na luminometero.

Acide nucleique ni ampolite, ihwanye na polyacide. Acide nucleique irashobora kwigabanyamo anion ukoresheje bufferi idafite aho ibogamiye cyangwa alkaline, hanyuma igashyirwa mumashanyarazi kugirango igere kuri anode. Iri ni ihame rya electrophoreis.

Gukuramo aside nucleique hamwe namahame yo kwezwa nibisabwa

1. Menya neza ubusugire bwa acide nucleic imiterere yibanze

2. Kurandura kwanduza izindi molekile (nko gukuramo kwivanga kwa RNA mugihe ukuramo ADN)

3. Ntabwo hagomba kubaho ibishishwa kama nubushyuhe bwinshi bwa ioni zibuza imisemburo ya acide nucleic

4. Kugabanya ibintu bya macromolecular nka proteyine, polysaccharide na lipide bishoboka

Gukuramo aside nucleic nuburyo bwo kweza

1. Uburyo bwo gukuramo fenol / chloroform

Yavumbuwe mu 1956. Nyuma yo kuvura selile yamenetse cyangwa tissue homogenate hamwe na fenol / chloroform, ibice bya aside nucleique, cyane cyane ADN, bishonga mugice cyamazi, lipide ahanini iba mubice kama, kandi proteyine ziri hagati yibi byombi. ibyiciro.

2. Imvura igwa

Ethanol irashobora gukuraho hydratiya ya acide nucleique ikanashyira ahagaragara itsinda rya fosifate ryuzuye nabi, kandi ion zishyizwemo neza nka NA ﹢ zirashobora guhuza nitsinda rya fosifate kugirango zibe imvura.

3. Uburyo bwa Chromatographic uburyo

Binyuze mu bikoresho byihariye bya silika bishingiye kuri adsorption, ADN irashobora kwamamazwa byumwihariko, mugihe RNA na proteyine bishobora kunyura neza, hanyuma bigakoresha umunyu mwinshi na pH nkeya kugirango uhuze aside nucleic, hanyuma ugahindura umunyu muke na pH nyinshi kugirango utandukanye kandi usukure nucleic aside.

4. Uburyo bwo gucana ubushyuhe bwa alkali

Kuvoma alkaline ahanini bikoresha itandukaniro rya topologiya hagati ya covalent gufunga umuzenguruko wa plasmide na chromatine kumurongo kugirango ubitandukanye. Mubihe bya alkaline, poroteyine zitandukanijwe zirashonga.

5. Guteka uburyo bwa pyrolysis

Umuti wa ADN uvurwa nubushyuhe kugirango ukoreshe imiterere ya molekile ya ADN itandukanijwe kugirango itandukane ibice bya ADN nubushyuhe bwakozwe na poroteyine zanduye hamwe n’imyanda ya selile na centrifugation.

6. Uburyo bwa Nanomagnetic

Gukoresha nanotehnologiya mugutezimbere no guhindura ubuso bwa superparamagnetic nanoparticles, hateguwe amasaro ya superparamagnetic silicon oxyde nano-magnetiki. Amasaro ya magneti arashobora kumenya neza no guhuza neza molekile ya acide nucleic kuri microscopique. Ukoresheje imiterere ya superparamagnetic ya silika nanosperes, hifashishijwe umunyu wa Chaotropic (hydrochloride ya guanidine, guanidine isothiocyanate, nibindi) hamwe numurima wa rukuruzi wo hanze, ADN na RNA bitandukanije namaraso, inyama zinyamanswa, ibiryo, mikorobe zitera indwara nizindi ngero.