Nucleic acid imagawidwa mu deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ndi ribonucleic acid (RNA), yomwe RNA ikhoza kugawidwa mu ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) ndi kusamutsa RNA (tRNA) malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

DNA imakhazikika kwambiri mu nucleus, mitochondria ndi chloroplasts, pamene RNA imagawidwa makamaka mu cytoplasm.

Chifukwa maziko a purine ndi maziko a pyrimidine agwirizanitsa zomangira ziwiri mu nucleic acids, nucleic acids ali ndi makhalidwe a kuyamwa kwa ultraviolet. Mayamwidwe a ultraviolet a mchere wa sodium wa DNA ali pafupi ndi 260nm, ndipo kuyamwa kwake kumawonetsedwa ngati A260, ndipo kuli pa 230nm, kotero kuti ultraviolet spectroscopy ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Nucleic zidulo ndi quantitatively ndi qualitatively anatsimikiza ndi luminometer.

Nucleic acid ndi ampholyte, omwe ali ofanana ndi ma polyacids. Ma nucleic acid amatha kulekanitsidwa kukhala ma anions pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopanda ndale kapena zamchere, ndikuyikidwa pamalo amagetsi kuti asunthire ku anode. Ichi ndi mfundo ya electrophoresis.

Nucleic acid m'zigawo ndi mfundo zoyeretsera ndi zofunika

1. Onetsetsani kukhulupirika kwa nucleic acid primary structure

2. Chotsani kuipitsidwa kwa mamolekyu ena (monga kusaphatikizapo kusokoneza kwa RNA pochotsa DNA)

3. Pasakhale zosungunulira za organic ndi kuchuluka kwa ayoni zitsulo zomwe zimalepheretsa ma enzyme mu zitsanzo za nucleic acid.

4. Chepetsani zinthu zazikulu monga mapuloteni, ma polysaccharides ndi lipids momwe mungathere.

Nucleic acid m'zigawo ndi kuyeretsa njira

1. Phenol/chloroform m'zigawo njira

Iwo anatulukira mu 1956. Pambuyo kuchitira selo wosweka madzi kapena minofu homogenate ndi phenol/chloroform, ndi nucleic asidi zigawo zikuluzikulu, makamaka DNA, kusungunuka mu amadzimadzi gawo, lipids makamaka mu gawo organic, ndi mapuloteni zili pakati pa awiriwa. magawo.

2. Kuchuluka kwa mowa

Ethanol imatha kuchotsa hydration wosanjikiza wa nucleic acid ndikuwulula gulu loyipa la mankwala, ndi ayoni okhala ndi mpweya wabwino monga NA﹢ amatha kuphatikiza ndi gulu la phosphate kupanga mpweya.

3. Chromatographic column njira

Kudzera mwapadera silika ofotokoza adsorption zakuthupi, DNA akhoza mwachindunji adsorbed, pamene RNA ndi mapuloteni akhoza kudutsa bwino, ndiyeno ntchito mchere wambiri ndi otsika pH kumanga nucleic asidi, ndi elute ndi mchere otsika ndi pH mkulu kupatukana ndi kuyeretsa nucleic. asidi.

4. Matenthedwe akulimbana njira zamchere

Kutulutsa zamchere makamaka kumagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwapamwamba pakati pa ma plasmids otsekedwa mozungulira ndi ma chromatin ozungulira kuti awalekanitse. Pansi pa zinthu zamchere, mapuloteni opangidwa ndi denatured amasungunuka.

5. Njira yowiritsa ya pyrolysis

Njira ya DNA imatenthedwa kuti igwiritse ntchito mwayi wa mamolekyu amtundu wa DNA kuti alekanitse zidutswa za DNA kuchokera kumadzi opangidwa ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi denatured ndi zinyalala zama cell ndi centrifugation.

6. Nanomagnetic mikanda njira

Pogwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology kusintha ndi kusintha pamwamba pa superparamagnetic nanoparticles, superparamagnetic pakachitsulo okusayidi nano-maginito mikanda zakonzedwa. Mikanda ya maginito imatha kuzindikira ndikumanga bwino ma nucleic acid pa mawonekedwe a microscopic. Kugwiritsa ntchito superparamagnetic zimatha silika nanospheres, pansi pa zochita za Chaotropic salt (guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate, etc.) ndi kunja maginito, DNA ndi RNA anali olekanitsidwa ndi magazi, minofu nyama, chakudya, tizilombo tizilombo ndi zitsanzo zina .