1. Nnyocha bụ isi na acid nucleic: genomic cloning
2. PCR asymmetric iji kwadebe DNA nke nwere otu eriri maka usoro DNA
3. Mkpebi nke mpaghara DNA amaghi ama site na PCR na-agbanwe agbanwe
4. A na-eji PCR transcription reverse (RT-PCR) chọpụta ọkwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mkpụrụ ndụ, ọnụọgụ nje RNA na cloning kpọmkwem nke cDNA nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
5. Fluorescence quantitative PCR na-eji maka nlekota oge nke ngwaahịa PCR
6. Nkwalite ngwa ngwa nke cDNA na-akwụsị
7. Nchọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa
8. Ngwa ahụike: nchọpụta nke ọrịa nje na nje virus; nchọpụta nke ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa; nchọpụta nke etuto ahụ; etinyere ya na ihe akaebe forensic