Nucleic acid na-ekewa n'ime deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) na ribonucleic acid (RNA), n'ime nke RNA nwere ike kewaa ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) na nyefee RNA (tRNA) dị ka dị iche iche ọrụ.

A na-etinyekarị DNA na nucleus, mitochondria na chloroplasts, ebe RNA na-ekesa na cytoplasm.

N'ihi na ntọala purine na ntọala pyrimidine ejikọtala njikọ abụọ na nucleic acid, nucleic acid nwere njirimara nke absorption ultraviolet. Mmụba nke ultraviolet nke DNA sodium salts dị gburugburu 260nm, a na-egosipụtakwa nnabata ya dị ka A260, ọ dịkwa n'ebe a na-etinye ya na 230nm, yabụ enwere ike iji ultraviolet spectroscopy. A na-ekpebi acids nucleic n'ụzọ ọnụọgụ na nha site na luminometer.

Nucleic acid bụ ampholytes, nke ha na polyacids. Enwere ike kewaa acids nucleic n'ime anions site na iji ihe na-anọpụ iche ma ọ bụ alkaline buffers, ma tinye ya n'ọhịa eletrik ka ọ gaa na anode. Nke a bụ ụkpụrụ nke electrophoresis.

Nucleic acid mmịpụta na nchacha ụkpụrụ na chọrọ

1. Gbaa mbọ hụ na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke usoro izizi nucleic acid

2. Wepụ mmetọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ (dị ka ewezuga nnyonye anya RNA mgbe ị na-ewepụta DNA)

3. E kwesịghị inwe ihe mgbaze organic na nnukwu ion metal nke na-egbochi enzymes na nucleic acid samples.

4. Belata ihe macromolecular dị ka protein, polysaccharides na lipids dị ka o kwere mee.

Nucleic acid mmịpụta na usoro dị ọcha

1. Usoro mmịpụta phenol/chloroform

Ọ e mepụtara na 1956. Mgbe emeso cell gbajiri mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ homogenate na phenol/chloroform, nucleic acid components, tumadi DNA, na-etisasịwo na aqueous na-adọ, lipids bụ tumadi na organic na-adọ, na protein dị n'etiti abụọ. usoro.

2. Mmanya mmiri ozuzo

Ethanol nwere ike iwepụ oyi akwa hydration nke nucleic acid wee kpughee otu phosphate ebubo na-adịghị mma, yana ion ebubo nke ọma dị ka NA﹢ nwere ike ijikọta ya na otu phosphate ka ọ bụrụ mmiri.

3. Usoro kọlụm chromatographic

Site na ihe mgbasa ozi nke silica pụrụ iche, DNA nwere ike gbasaa kpọmkwem, ebe RNA na protein nwere ike ịgafe nke ọma, wee jiri nnu dị elu na obere pH na-ejikọta nucleic acid, na elute na nnu dị ala na pH dị elu iji kewaa na sachaa nucleic. acid.

4. Thermal cracking alkali usoro

Mwepụta alkaline na-ejikarị ọdịiche topological dị n'etiti plasmids okirikiri mechiri emechi na chromatin linear iji kewaa ha. N'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline, protein ndị denatured bụ soluble.

5. Ụzọ pyrolysis esi esi

Ngwọta DNA na-ekpo ọkụ na-agwọta iji nweta uru nke akụrụngwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ DNA linear iji kewaa iberibe DNA site na mkpọda nke proteins denatured na irighiri cellular site na centrifugation kpụrụ.

6. Nanomagnetic beads usoro

Iji nanotechnology iji melite na gbanwee elu nke superparamagnetic nanoparticles, a na-akwadobe beads superparamagnetic silicon oxide nano-magnetic beads. Mpempe ndọta nwere ike ịmata kpọmkwem ma jikọta nke ọma na ụmụ irighiri ihe nucleic acid na interface microscopic. Iji superparamagnetic Njirimara nke silica nanospheres, n'okpuru omume nke Chaotropic salts (guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate, wdg) na mpụga magnetik, DNA na RNA nọpụrụ iche na ọbara, anụ ahụ anụ, nri, pathogenic microorganisms na ndị ọzọ samples .