1. Kev tshawb fawb txog cov nucleic acids: genomic cloning
2. Asymmetric PCR los npaj ib leeg-stranded DNA rau DNA sequencing
3. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cheeb tsam DNA uas tsis paub los ntawm kev rov qab PCR
4. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov theem ntawm cov noob qhia hauv cov hlwb, tus nqi ntawm tus kab mob RNA thiab qhov ncaj qha cloning ntawm cDNA ntawm cov noob tshwj xeeb.
5. Fluorescence quantitative PCR yog siv los saib xyuas cov khoom PCR tiag tiag.
6. Kev ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm cDNA xaus
7. Kev txheeb xyuas cov noob qhia
8. Kev siv tshuaj kho mob: kuaj xyuas cov kab mob thiab kab mob; Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob caj ces; kuaj mob qog; siv rau forensic pov thawj