Zearalenone (ZEN)ʻike ʻia ʻo F-2 toxin. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e nā ʻano fungi fusarium e like me Graminearum, Culmorum a me Crookwellense. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā toxins fungal i loko o ka honua. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano kemika o ZEN e Urry i ka makahiki 1966 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nuklea magnetic resonance, kemika maʻamau a me ka spectrometry lehulehu, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia: 6-(10-hydroxy-6-oxo-trans-1-decene) -β -Ranoic acid-lactone . He 318 ka nui mole mole pili o ZEN, he 165°C ka helu hehee, a he pa'a wela kona. ʻAʻole ia e decompose ke hoʻomehana ʻia ma 120 ° C no 4 mau hola; Loaʻa iā ZEN nā hiʻohiʻona fluorescence a hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka mea ʻike fluorescence; ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo ZEN i ka wai, S2C a me CC14 Dissolve; He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā hopena alkali e like me ka sodium hydroxide a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik e like me ka methanol. Hoʻohaumia ʻo ZEN i nā kīʻaha a me kā lākou mau huahana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e hōʻemi nui ana i nā ʻoihana kanu a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a ke hoʻoweliweli nei hoʻi i ka palekana o ka meaʻai.

ʻO ka palena palena o Zen i ka meaʻai a me ka hānai

ZearalenoneʻAʻole hoʻoemi wale ka pollution i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana mahiʻai a me nā meaʻai, akā lawe pū kekahi i nā poho nui i ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ma ka manawa like, e hoʻopili ʻia ke olakino kanaka ma muli o ka lawe ʻana i ka pollution ZEN a i ʻole ke koena o ka ʻiʻo a me nā huahana waiu a me nā meaʻai holoholona ʻē aʻe. A hooweliweli. ʻO koʻu ʻāina ʻo "GB13078.2-2006 Feed Hygiene Standard" e koi i ka ZEN maʻiʻo o ka zearalenone i loko o ka meaʻai hoʻohuihui a me ka palaoa ʻaʻole pono ma mua o 500 μg/kg. Wahi a nā koi o ka "GB 2761-2011 Mycotoxins in Foods Limits" hou loa i hoʻopuka ʻia ma 2011, ʻo ka ʻike o ka zearalenone ZEN i loko o nā kīʻaha a me kā lākou huahana e emi iho ma mua o 60μg / kg. Wahi a ka "Feed Hygiene Standards" e hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nei, ʻo ka palena koʻikoʻi loa o ka zearalenone i loko o ka hānai hui no nā puaʻa a me nā lūlū ʻōpio ʻo 100 μg / kg. Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Farani i ka nui o ka zearalenone i ʻae ʻia i loko o ka palaoa a me ka ʻaila rape he 200 μg/kg; Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Rūsia ʻo ka nui o ka zearalenone i ʻae ʻia i ka palaoa durum, ka palaoa, a me ka germ palaoa he 1000 μg/kg; 'Ōleloʻo Uruguay i ka nui o ka zearalenone i ka palaoa,ʻo ka nui o ka zearalenone ZEN i ka bale he 200μg / kg. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua ʻike mālie nā aupuni o nā ʻāina like ʻole i ka pōʻino a zearalenone e lawe mai ai i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hiki i kahi palena palena i ʻae ʻia.

Poino oZearalenone

ʻO ZEN kahi ʻano estrogen. ʻO ka ulu, hoʻomohala a me ka ʻōnaehana hānau o nā holoholona e ʻai ana i ka ZEN e hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā pae estrogen kiʻekiʻe. Ma waena o nā holoholona āpau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka puaʻa iā ZEN. ʻO nā hopena ʻawaʻawa o ZEN ma luna o nā lūlū penei: ma hope o ka make ʻana o nā lūlū makua i ka ʻai ʻana o ZEN, e ulu ʻino ko lākou mau ʻōpū hānau, me nā hōʻailona e like me ka ovarian dysplasia a me nā maʻi endocrine; ʻO nā lūlū hāpai i loko o ZEN Hāʻule ʻole, hānau mua ʻole, a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki ʻino, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hānau ʻana a me nā pēpē nāwaliwali ma hope o ka make ʻana; e emi ana ka nui o ka waiu o ka lactating sows a i ole hiki ole ke hana i ka waiu; i ka manawa like, ʻo nā puaʻa e ʻai ana i ka waiū i hoʻohaumia ʻia ZEN e loaʻa pū nā Symptoms e like me ka ulu lohi ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka estrogen, nā hihia koʻikoʻi e pōloli a make.

ʻAʻole pili wale ʻo ZEN i ka moa a me nā holoholona, ​​​​akā, he hopena koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ke kanaka. Hōʻiliʻili ʻo ZEN i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi maʻi, hoʻemi i ka DNA, a hana i nā chromosomes. Loaʻa iā ZEN nā hopena carcinogenic a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻonui mau ʻana o nā pūnaʻi maʻi maʻi i loko o nā ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kino kanaka. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā toxins ZEN e alakaʻi i ka maʻi kanesa i nā ʻiole hoʻokolohua. Ua hōʻoia pū ka hoʻonui ʻana i kēia. Eia kekahi, ua kuhi kekahi mau noiʻi ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ZEN i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka ke kumu o nā maʻi like ʻole e like me ka maʻi maʻi umauma a i ʻole ka umauma hyperplasia.

Ke ala ʻike ozearalenone

Ma muli o ka nui o ka pollution a me ka pōʻino nui o ZEN, he mea nui ka hana hoʻāʻo a ZEN. Ma waena o nā ʻano ʻike a pau o ZEN, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kēia mau mea: chromatographic instrument method (nā hiʻohiʻona: quantitative detection, kiʻekiʻe pololei, akā paʻakikī ka hana a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa); enzyme-linked immunoassay (nā hiʻohiʻona: kiʻekiʻe sensitivity a me ka quantitative ikehu, akā ʻo ka hana paʻakikī, lōʻihi ka manawa ʻike, a kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai); ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano hoʻāʻo gula colloidal (nā hiʻohiʻona: wikiwiki a maʻalahi, haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka pololei a me ka hana hou ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia); fluorescence quantitative immunochromatography (nā hiʻohiʻona: wikiwiki Ka helu maʻalahi a pololei, pololei maikaʻi, akā pono e hoʻohana i nā mea hana, ʻaʻole honua nā reagents mai nā mea hana like ʻole).