Wahi a nā ʻikepili, ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 mau ʻano mycotoxins i ʻike ʻia, a ʻo nā mea ʻona i ʻike pinepine ʻia:
Aflatoxin (Aflatoxin) kulina zhi erythrenone/F2 toxin (ZEN/ZON, Zearalenone) ochratoxin (Ochratoxin) T2 toxin (Trichothecenes) luaʻi toxin/deoxynivalenol (DON, deoxynivalenol, F Fumar Toxins/in Bcluded)
ʻO Aflatoxin
hiʻona:
1. Hana nui ʻia e Aspergillus flavus a me Aspergillus parasiticus.
2. Aia ma kahi o 20 mau mea kemika me nā ʻano like, a ma waena o B1, B2, G1, G2 a me M1 ka mea nui loa.
3.National regulations stipulate ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ka nui o kēia meaʻawaʻawa i ka 20ppb.
4. Naʻauao: Puʻa> Pipi> Duck> Goose> Moʻa

Ka hopena oaflatoxinma luna o nā puaʻa:
1. Hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻai ʻana a hōʻole paha i ka hānai.
2. Hoʻemi ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi ʻole o ka hānai.
3. Hoʻemi i ka hana immune.
4. Hoʻokahe koko o ka ʻōpū a me ka puʻupaʻa.
5. Hepatobiliary hoʻonui, pōʻino a me ka maʻi kanesa.
6. Hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana hānau, embryonic necrosis, fetal malformation, pelvic blood.
7. Ua emi ka waiu o ka puaa. Aia ka aflatoxin i ka waiū, e pili ana i nā puaʻa hānai.

Ka hopena oaflatoxinma ka moa:
1. Hoʻopilikia ka Aflatoxin i nā ʻano moa a pau.
2. Hoʻokahe koko ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻili.
3. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ate a me ka gallbladder, ka pōʻino a me ke kanesa.
4. Hiki ke make ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻai.
5. He maikaʻi ʻole ka ulu ʻana, maikaʻi ʻole ka hana ʻana o ka hua manu, ke emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili hua, a me ke kaumaha o ka hua manu.
6. Ho'ēmi i ka maʻi kū'ē, anti-stress hiki a me ka anti-contusion hiki.
7. Ma muli o ka maikaʻi o nā hua, ua ʻike ʻia aia nā metabolites o aflatoxin i loko o ka yolk.
8. Hiki i nā ha'aha'a ha'aha'a (ma lalo o 20ppb) ke hana i nā hopena 'ino.

Ka hopena oaflatoxinma nā holoholona ʻē aʻe:
1. E ho'ēmi i ka ulu a me ka uku hānai.
2. E emi ana ka waiu o na bipi waiu, a hiki i ka aflatoxin ke huna i ke ano o ka aflatoxin M1 i ka waiu.
3. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i ka spasm rectal a me ka prolapse o nā keiki bipi.
4. Hiki i nā ki'eki'e ki'eki'e o ka aflatoxin ke ho'opō'ino i ke akepa'a i nā pipi makua, ho'opau i ka hana immune, a ho'oulu i ka ma'i.
5. Teratogenic a me ka carcinogenic.
6. Hoʻopilikia i ka palatability o ka meaʻai a hoʻemi i ka pale holoholona.

Zearalenone
Nā hiʻohiʻona: 1. Hana nui ʻia e ka Fusarium ʻulaʻula.
2. ʻO ke kumu nui ka kulina, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka mālama wela ke hoʻopau i kēia mea make.
3. Naʻauao: puaʻa >> pipi, holoholona> moa
ʻO ka pōʻino: He mea make ka Zearalenone me ka hana estrogenic, kahi e hōʻeha nui ai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā holoholona a me nā moa, a ʻo nā lūlū ʻōpiopio ke maʻalahi loa iā ia.
◆1～5ppm: ʻulaʻula a pehu ke kino o nā gilts a me ka estrus hoʻopunipuni.
◆>3ppm: ʻAʻole wela ka lūlū a me ka gilt.
◆10ppm: Hoʻolohi ka piʻi ʻana o ka paona o nā kahu hānai a me nā puaʻa momona, hāʻule nā ​​​​puaʻa mai ka anus, a me nā wāwae paʻa.
◆25ppm: ʻaʻohe hānau ʻana i nā lūlū.
◆25～50ppm: liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā litters, liʻiliʻi nā puaʻa hānau hou; ʻulaʻula a pehu ka ʻāpana pubic o nā gilts hou.
◆50～100pm: hāpai hoʻopunipuni, hoʻonui ʻia ka umauma, kahe ʻana o ka waiū, a me nā hōʻailona o ka hānau mua.
◆100ppm: ʻAʻole hoʻomau i ka hānau keiki, liʻiliʻi ka atrophy ovarian i ka lawe ʻana i nā lūlū ʻē aʻe.

T-2 ʻona
Nā hiʻohiʻona: 1. Hana nui ʻia e ʻekolu laina sickle fungus.
2. ʻO nā kumu nui he kulina, palaoa, bale a me ka oats.
3. He mea ino ia i ka puaa, ka bipi waiu, ka moa a me ke kanaka.
4. Naʻauao: puaʻa> pipi a me nā holoholona> moa
ʻO ka pōʻino: 1. He mea ʻawaʻawa loa ia e hoʻopau i ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic.
2. ʻO ka pōʻino i ka ʻōnaehana hānau, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka infertility, ka hoʻomake ʻana a me nā puaʻa nāwaliwali.
3. Hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻai ʻana, ka luaʻi ʻana, ke kahe koko a me ka make.
4. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea ʻawaʻawa loa i ka moa, hiki ke hoʻokahe i ke koko o ka waha a me ka ʻōpū, ka maʻi ʻeha, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka haʻahaʻa o ka hua manu, a me ke kaumaha.