Zearalenone (ZEN)kuma an san shi da toxin F-2. Ana samar da ita ta wasu fungi na fusarium kamar Graminearum, Culmorum da Crookwellense. Toxin na fungal da aka saki a cikin yanayin ƙasa. Tsarin sinadarai na ZEN an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar Urry a cikin 1966 ta yin amfani da ƙarfin maganadisu na nukiliya, sunadarai na gargajiya da kuma ma'aunin spectrometry, kuma an sanya masa suna: 6- (10-hydroxy-6-oxo-trans-1-decene) -β -Ranoic acid-lactone . Matsakaicin adadin kwayoyin halitta na ZEN shine 318, wurin narkewa shine 165 ° C, kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau. Ba zai bazu ba lokacin zafi a 120 ° C na 4 hours; ZEN yana da halayen haske kuma ana iya gano shi ta mai gano haske; Ba za a gano ZEN a cikin ruwa ba, S2C da CC14 Dissolve; Yana da sauƙi a narke a cikin maganin alkali kamar su sodium hydroxide da kwayoyin kaushi kamar methanol. ZEN na gurɓatar hatsi da kayan amfanin su a duk faɗin duniya, yana haifar da asara mai yawa ga masana'antun shuka da kiwo, sannan kuma suna yin babbar barazana ga amincin abinci.

Matsakaicin iyaka na Zen a cikin abinci da ciyarwa

Zearalenonegurbatar yanayi ba wai kawai rage ingancin kayan amfanin gona da abinci ba ne, har ma yana kawo hasarar dimbin yawa ga ci gaban tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, lafiyar dan Adam kuma za ta kasance ta hanyar shan gurbacewar muhalli na ZEN ko sauran nama da kayayyakin kiwo da sauran abincin da aka samu daga dabbobi. Kuma a yi barazana. Ƙasata ta “GB13078.2-2006 Standard Hygiene Standard” tana buƙatar cewa abun cikin ZEN na zearalenone a cikin abinci na fili da masara kada ya wuce 500 μg/kg. Dangane da buƙatun sabuwar "GB 2761-2011 Mycotoxins a cikin Iyakokin Abinci" da aka bayar a cikin 2011, abun ciki na zearalenone ZEN a cikin hatsi da samfuran su yakamata su kasance ƙasa da 60μg / kg. Dangane da "Ka'idojin Tsaftar Ciyarwa" da ake sake dubawa, mafi ƙarancin iyaka na zearalenone a cikin abinci mai gina jiki don alade da shuka shuka shine 100 μg/kg. Bugu da ƙari, Faransa ta ba da izinin adadin zearalenone a cikin hatsi da man fetur na fyade shine 200 μg / kg; Rasha ta kayyade cewa adadin da aka yarda da zearalenone a cikin durum alkama, gari, da ƙwayar alkama shine 1000 μg / kg; Uruguay ta ƙayyade cewa adadin zearalenone a cikin masara, Adadin da aka yarda da zearalenone ZEN a cikin sha'ir shine 200μg/kg. Ana iya ganin cewa gwamnatocin kasashe daban-daban sun fahimci illar da zearalenone ke haifarwa ga dabbobi da mutane, amma har yanzu ba su kai ga matakin da aka amince da su ba.

CutarwarZearalenone

ZEN wani nau'in estrogen ne. Haɓaka, haɓakawa da tsarin haifuwa na dabbobin da ke cinye ZEN za su yi tasiri da matakan isrogen da yawa. Daga cikin dukkan dabbobi, aladu sun fi kulawa da ZEN. Sakamakon mai guba na ZEN akan shuka shine kamar haka: bayan shukar manya sun kamu da guba ta hanyar amfani da ZEN, gabobin haihuwar su zasu ci gaba da rashin daidaituwa, tare da bayyanar cututtuka irin su dysplasia na ovarian da cututtukan endocrine; Shuka masu ciki suna cikin ZEN Rashin zubar da ciki, haihuwa da wuri, ko yawan ƴan tayin da ba su da kyau, haihuwa da raunanan tayin suna iya faruwa bayan guba; Shuka masu shayarwa za su rage yawan madara ko rashin iya samar da madara; A lokaci guda kuma, alade da ke shan madara mai gurɓataccen madarar ZEN kuma za su kuma Alamu kamar jinkirin girma saboda yawan isrogen, lokuta masu tsanani za su yajin yunwa kuma a ƙarshe su mutu.

ZEN ba wai kawai yana shafar kaji da dabbobi ba, har ma yana da tasiri mai guba akan mutane. ZEN yana taruwa a cikin jikin mutum, wanda zai iya haifar da ciwace-ciwacen daji, rage DNA, kuma ya sa chromosomes su zama marasa kyau. Hakanan ZEN yana da tasirin cutar kansa kuma yana haɓaka ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin kyallen jikin mutum ko gabobin. Kasancewar gubobi na ZEN yana haifar da kamuwa da cutar kansa a cikin berayen gwaji. Karin gwaje-gwajen kuma sun tabbatar da hakan. Bugu da kari, wasu bincike sun yi hasashen cewa tarin ZEN a jikin dan Adam yana haifar da cututtuka daban-daban kamar ciwon nono ko ciwon nono.

Hanyar ganowa nazearalenone

Saboda ZEN yana da nau'i mai yawa na gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da babban lahani, aikin gwajin ZEN yana da mahimmanci. Daga cikin duk hanyoyin gano ZEN, ana amfani da waɗannan abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su: Hanyar kayan aikin chromatographic (fasali: gano ƙididdiga, daidaito mai girma, amma aiki mai rikitarwa da tsada sosai); immunoassay da ke da alaƙa da enzyme (fasali: babban hankali da ƙarfin ƙima, amma Aikin yana da wahala, lokacin ganowa yana da tsayi, kuma farashin yana da girma); hanyar gwajin gwajin gwal na colloidal (fasali: sauri da sauƙi, ƙananan farashi, amma daidaito da maimaitawa ba shi da kyau, ba zai iya ƙididdigewa ba); fluorescence quantitative immunochromatography (fasali: sauri Sauƙaƙan ƙayyadaddun ƙididdigewa, daidaito mai kyau, amma buƙatar yin amfani da kayan aiki, reagents daga masana'antun daban-daban ba na duniya bane).