Nucleic acid ya kasu kashi deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) da ribonucleic acid (RNA), daga cikinsu za a iya raba RNA zuwa ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) da kuma canja wurin RNA (tRNA) bisa ga ayyuka daban-daban.

DNA ya fi mayar da hankali a cikin tsakiya, mitochondria da chloroplasts, yayin da RNA aka rarraba a cikin cytoplasm.

Saboda sansanonin purine da sansanonin pyrimidine sun haɗa haɗin gwiwa biyu a cikin acid nucleic, acid nucleic suna da halayen sha na ultraviolet. Ruwan ultraviolet na salts na sodium na DNA yana kusa da 260nm, kuma ana bayyana ɗaukarsa a matsayin A260, kuma yana cikin tudun sha a 230nm, don haka ana iya amfani da ultraviolet spectroscopy. Nucleic acid ana ƙididdige su da ƙima da ƙima ta hanyar luminometer.

Nucleic acid sune ampholytes, wanda yayi daidai da polyacids. Ana iya raba acid nucleic zuwa cikin anions ta amfani da tsaka-tsaki ko alkaline buffers, kuma a sanya su cikin filin lantarki don matsawa zuwa ga anode. Wannan shine ka'idar electrophoresis.

Nucleic acid hakar da tsarkakewa ka'idoji da bukatun

1. Tabbatar da amincin tsarin farko na nucleic acid

2. Kawar da gurɓatar wasu ƙwayoyin cuta (kamar ban da tsangwama na RNA lokacin cire DNA)

3. Kada a sami kaushi na kwayoyin halitta da kuma yawan adadin ions na ƙarfe waɗanda ke hana enzymes a cikin samfuran nucleic acid.

4. Rage macromolecular abubuwa kamar sunadarai, polysaccharides da lipids gwargwadon yiwuwa.

Nucleic acid hakar da kuma hanyar tsarkakewa

1. Hanyar hakar phenol/chloroform

An ƙirƙira shi a shekara ta 1956. Bayan magance tantanin halitta da aka karye ruwa ko nama homogenate tare da phenol/chloroform, abubuwan da ke tattare da acid nucleic acid, galibi DNA, suna narkar da su a cikin lokaci mai ruwa, lipids galibi suna cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, kuma sunadaran suna tsakanin su biyun. matakai.

2. Ruwan barasa

Ethanol na iya kawar da Layer hydration na nucleic acid kuma ya fallasa ƙungiyar phosphate da ba ta da kyau, kuma ions masu cajin gaske kamar NA﹢ na iya haɗuwa tare da ƙungiyar phosphate don samar da hazo.

3. Hanyar shafi na Chromatographic

Ta hanyar silica na musamman na kayan talla, ana iya ƙara DNA ta musamman, yayin da RNA da furotin za su iya wucewa cikin sauƙi, sannan amfani da gishiri mai girma da ƙananan pH don ɗaure acid nucleic, kuma ya tashi tare da ƙananan gishiri da pH mai girma don rabu da tsarkake nucleic. acid.

4. Thermal cracking hanyar alkali

Hakar alkaline galibi yana amfani da bambance-bambancen topological tsakanin plasmids rufaffiyar rufaffiyar madauwari da chromatin na layi don raba su. A ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline, sunadaran da ba su da ƙarfi suna narkewa.

5. Hanyar pyrolysis tafasa

Maganin DNA ana yin maganin zafi don cin gajiyar kaddarorin kwayoyin halittar DNA na layi don raba gutsuttsuran DNA daga hazo da furotin da ba su da tushe da tarkacen salula ta hanyar centrifugation.

6. Nanomagnetic beads Hanyar

Yin amfani da nanotechnology don ingantawa da gyara saman superparamagnetic nanoparticles, superparamagnetic silicon oxide nano-magnetic beads an shirya. Ƙunƙarar maganadisu na iya ganewa musamman da kuma ɗaure da kyau ga ƙwayoyin acid nucleic akan mahaɗin mahalli. Amfani da superparamagnetic Properties na silica nanospheres, a karkashin mataki na Chaotropic salts (guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate, da dai sauransu) da kuma waje Magnetic filin, DNA da RNA aka ware daga jini, dabba nama, abinci, pathogenic microorganisms da sauran samfurori.