Ana amfani da rarrabuwa da tsarkakewar sunadaran sosai a cikin bincike da aikace-aikacen biochemistry kuma muhimmin fasaha ne na aiki. Tantanin halitta na eukaryotic na iya ƙunsar dubban sunadaran sunadaran, wasu suna da wadata sosai wasu kuma sun ƙunshi 'yan kwafi kaɗan. Domin yin nazarin wani abufurotin, wajibi ne a fara tsarkake furotin daga sauran sunadaran da kwayoyin marasa gina jiki.

1. Hanyar gishirifurotin:

Gishiri mai tsaka tsaki yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan solubility na furotin. Gabaɗaya, tare da haɓakar haɓakar gishiri a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin ƙarancin gishiri, ƙarancin furotin yana ƙaruwa. Wannan shi ake kira gishiri; lokacin da gishiri gishiri ya ci gaba da karuwa, Solubility na furotin yana raguwa zuwa digiri daban-daban kuma ya rabu daya bayan daya. Ana kiran wannan al'amari salting fita.

2. Hanyar stacking na isoelectric:

Ƙunƙarar electrostatic tsakanin barbashi shine mafi ƙanƙanta lokacin da furotin ya kasance a tsaye, don haka solubility kuma shine mafi ƙanƙanta. Abubuwan isoelectric na sunadarai daban-daban sun bambanta. Ana iya amfani da pH na maganin kwantar da hankali don isa wurin isoelectric na furotin Ka sa ya taru, amma wannan hanya ba ta da wuya a yi amfani da ita ita kadai kuma ana iya haɗa shi tare da hanyar salting-fita.

3. Dialysis da ultrafiltration:

Dialysis yana amfani da ɓangarorin da ba za a iya jurewa ba don raba sunadaran masu girma dabam dabam dabam. Hanyar ultrafiltration tana amfani da matsi mai ƙarfi ko ƙarfin centrifugal don sanya ruwa da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin solute su ratsa ta cikin membrane mai yuwuwa, yayin dafurotinya rage akan membrane. Kuna iya zaɓar girman ramuka daban-daban don kutse sunadaran ma'aunin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.

Hanyar tacewa gel:

Har ila yau ana kiran girman keɓance chromatography ko chromatography sieve na ƙwayoyin cuta, wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi amfani don raba gaurayawan furotin gwargwadon girman kwayoyin halitta. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani dasu a cikin ginshiƙi sune glucose gel (Sephadex ged) da gel agarose (gel agarose).

5. Electrophoresis:

A ƙarƙashin yanayin pH iri ɗaya, sunadaran sunadaran za a iya raba su saboda ma'auni daban-daban da kuma caji daban-daban a filin lantarki. Yana da daraja kula da isoelectric saitin electrophoresis, wanda ke amfani da ampholyte a matsayin mai ɗauka. A lokacin electrophoresis, ampholyte yana samar da pH gradient a hankali an ƙara shi daga ingantacciyar wutar lantarki zuwa mummunan lantarki. Lokacin da furotin da ke da wani caji ya yi iyo a cikinsa, zai kai ga juna. Matsayin pH na batu na lantarki ya ƙare, kuma ana iya amfani da wannan hanya don nazarin da kuma shirya nau'o'in sunadarai.

6.Ion sadarwa chromatography:

ion sadarwa jamiái sun hada da cationic sadarwa jamiái (kamar carboxymethyl cellulose, CM-cellulose) da anionic sadarwa jamiái (diethylaminoethyl cellulose). Lokacin wucewa ta hanyar ion sadarwa chromatography ginshiƙi, sunadaran da ke da kishiyar caji ga wakili na sadarwar ion ana tallata shi akan wakilin sadarwar ion, sa'an nan kuma an tallata shi.furotinAn cire shi ta hanyar canza pH ko ƙarfin ionic.

7. chromatography na dangantaka:

Affinity chromatography hanya ce mai matukar amfani don raba sunadaran. Sau da yawa yana buƙatar mataki ɗaya kawai don raba wani sunadaran don tsarkakewa daga gaurayen furotin mai cike da tsafta.

Wannan hanya ta dogara ne akan takamaiman ƙayyadaddun maimakon haɗin kai na wasu sunadaran sunadarai zuwa wani kwayar halitta da ake kira ligand (Ligand).

Ka'ida ta asali:

sunadaran suna wanzuwa a cikin cakuɗaɗen cakuɗe a cikin kyallen takarda ko sel, kuma kowane nau'in tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi dubban sunadaran sunadarai. Saboda haka, banbance tsakanin sunadarai wani muhimmin bangare ne na ilimin kimiyyar halittu, kuma ba shi kadai ba. Ko saitin hanyoyin da aka ƙera na iya cire kowane nau'in furotin daga gurɓataccen furotin mai gauraye, don haka ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa a hade.